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It is an proxy is also referred to as proxy server software that sits acting as an intermediary between client and server over the internet. Without a proxy, a client would make a request an item directly to a server and it would deliver that resource to its user directly. This is a simple method to understand and implement but adding proxies offers benefits in terms of more performance as well as privacy, security and many more. As an additional layer of passing over, the proxy acts as a guardian for the internet, separating clients and servers.




There is a general consensus that the combination of server hardware and installed proxy software is often referred too as proxy servers. For this post, we will concentrate on proxies that are typically described as software, as well as those utilized together using web servers. This article will give the full description of two types of proxy such as one that is a forward proxy and one called a reverse proxy. Each comes with its own specific use case that is frequently confused due to the same name convention.




This article will provide you with some knowledge about the different types of proxy and their subtypes, and the ways they can prove useful in common configurations. By reading this article, you'll be able to determine the situations where a proxy can be advantageous, and choose the best reverse or forward proxy for a particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy sometimes known by the name of open proxy. An open proxy is the representative of a user who is trying to send requests via the internet to an the server that originated it. In this situation it is the scenario that all requests made by the client will be sent to through the forward proxy. In this situation, the forward proxy instead of the client will examine the request. At the beginning, it will determine if the client is allowed to transmit requests through this particular forward proxy. Then, it decides to refuse this request and send it back to its origin server. It isn't able to directly connect via the Internet. It only has access to what the forward proxy allows it access to.




The most common use for forward proxies is to gain more privacy or security online. A forward proxy connects to the internet as a personal client, and during this way, it could make use of a different IP address contrast to the IP address that is used by the client.




Depending on how it's been configured in the past forward proxy servers may give you a variety of choices, allowing you to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on your location of residence.




Forward proxies are also employed in systems that provide central security and permit-based access, such as in a workplace. If all internet traffic is routed through an open forward proxy layer an administrator is able to grant only a small number of clients online access, that is blocked by a firewall that is common to all. Instead of ensuring firewalls are in place on the layer of clients, which could include multiple computers with different user and environment the firewall can be placed at the layer that forwards proxy traffic.




Keep in mind that forward proxy servers have to be set up manually for be used, while reverse proxies can be ignored by clients. Based on the fact that clients' IP addresses are sent to the origin server via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity could get granted, or even made transparent.




There are a myriad of possibilities to consider when it comes to forward proxy options:




Apache An open-source, well-known web server that provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx A renowned open-source web server that has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy which utilizes an HTTP protocol. This option doesn't include an entire web server service. Take a look at our article on the most efficient way to setup Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy which utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP which makes it more suitable for scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. It's also a good idea to learn how to setup an Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is a representative of a server on the internet that handles incoming requests from customers on its behalf. Web servers can represent one or more servers. Furthermore, it could serve as an app server such as Gunicorn. In any of these cases, it is possible to receive a request via the internet in general. In most cases, the request will be sent directly to the server with the resources that the user is seeking. The reverse proxy acts as an intermediary to isolate your website server from any interaction with the internet.




From the perspective of a customer from the perspective of a customer reverse proxy isn't any different from communicating with you web server directly. It's basically the same, and the client can't discern the difference. The client requests a resource and then receives it, without any additional configuration needed for the end-user.




Reverse proxy proxies are able to provide options, such as:




Secured centrally to protect Web Server Layer.


The sending of traffic in accordance with rules you can establish.


Additional features to cache data.




Although central security can be a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy services, reverse proxy providers provide this benefit to only the server layer, not to the client layer. Instead of the need to maintain firewalls on the web server layer that may contain multiple servers that have different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is concentrated in the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, getting rid of the necessity of interacting with firewalls and connecting with requests from clients far from web servers allows firewalls to concentrate on serving the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers connected to a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy will also take care of the way requests are handled to the server. There could be multiple web servers running from the exact same computer, providing different types of resources, or a combination of the two. These servers may use the HTTP protocol in the same way as a traditional web server. They can include applications server protocols like FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy that directs users to specific servers based on the kind of resource they are searching for, or follow certain rules to manage traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can profit from their placement ahead of web servers through the ability to cache. Large static assets can be configured with caching policies to avoid hitting web servers on each request, with certain solutions providing the option to directly serve static resources without connecting to the web server for even one time. Additionally reverse proxy can handle the compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server also functions as known as a reverse proxy provider. Although it, Apache web server, it is equipped with a reverse proxy features however it's a distinct feature that is available for Apache while Nginx was initially designed for and was designed to perform the reverse proxy function.



Differentiating Forward and Reverse Proxy Utilizing Differentiation of Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use



Due to the fact that "forward" or "reverse" come with connotations of directionality, and false distinctions between "incoming" in addition to "outgoing" traffic. The labels can be confusing as both kinds of proxy can manage requests and responses. The best way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxies is to examine the requirements of the application you're developing.




A reverse proxy can be useful in the creation of a system to deliver web-based applications over the internet. They act as your servers whenever you connect to the internet.




Forward proxy is beneficial when they are used before a client for personal use or in a work environment. They are a representation of your traffic when you interact with the internet.




A distinction that is based on the use case rather than focusing only upon similar conventions for naming will help you avoid confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains the definition of a proxy with the two main kinds of proxy: the forward one and the reverse proxy. Practical application scenarios and a look at beneficial features was utilized to distinguish forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about the possibilities of proxies, then you can check out our tutorial on how you can configure Nginx as a reverse proxy and webserver proxy using Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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