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Meds That Treat Anxiety

Anxiety is among the most frequent mental health issues that affects 40 million adults in the United States. A variety of medications are available to treat it.

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), like Zoloft, Prozac, Lexapro and Effexor, work to alleviate anxiety by raising levels of the chemical serotonin in the brain. They're not addictive, as are benzodiazepines.

SSRIs

The most commonly used anxiety medications are selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which include citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro) and fluoxetine (Prozac). These medications can also treat depression and can alleviate symptoms associated with other anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It could take up to a month for them to begin to work.

These drugs work by boosting the levels of certain chemical messengers in the brain, including serotonin and norepinephrine. They are usually the first option for anxiety, however doctors also use other types of antidepressants and benzodiazepines.

Antidepressants like duloxetine (Cymbalta), and venlafaxine, (Effexor) are also used to treat anxiety. They operate a bit differently than SSRIs, as they also reduce the reabsorption of norepinephrine as well as serotonin, although at lower levels than SSRIs. These medications may take some time to begin taking effect, and they also are more expensive than SSRIs.

Tricyclic antidepressants, like imipramine Tofranil can be effective for treating anxiety disorders. Their drowsiness, and other side effects, make them less popular. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are another type of antidepressant used to combat anxiety. Their high toxicity risk and the restriction on dietary intake make them unsuitable for use.

Benzodiazepines are commonly used to combat anxiety and panic attacks in the short-term like when you wait for SSRIs or SNRIs to kick in. These drugs can trigger tolerance addiction, sedation, and withdrawal reactions that can cause rebound depression, anxiety, and even delirium. Benzodiazepines are commonly found in alprazolam as well as clonazepam and lorazepam.

Therapy is an important part of the treatment for anxiety because it allows you to discover more about the symptoms and the root causes. Many people find that medication and therapy both aid in coping. Some studies suggest that cognitive behavior therapy works just as well as medications for anxiety. Consult your physician to find out what's best for you.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines have a calming effect, reduce anxiety and relax muscles that are tense. They also relieve symptoms of fear-related bodily stimulation (like heart rate, trembling or trembling) and encourage sleep.

They work by binding to inhibitory neurons, for example GABA or gamma aminobutryic acid and bind to receptors in the central nervous system. They boost the effects of GABA by facilitating the inhibitory effects of GABA on other neurotransmitters and reducing the number of messages sent to amygdala. This is a region of the brain that evaluates threats and produces a feeling of fear.

These medications can anxiety disorder be treated be utilized for short durations, such as when you experience a panic attack or if you are experiencing severe anxiety. They can relieve symptoms within 30 to 60 minutes. Unlike SSRIs they don't stay in the body for long. They're fast-acting and usually take effect in just a couple of hours, making them ideal for situations in which you require quick relief (like during a flight or prior to giving an event in public).

Since they can be addictive, people are usually prescribed up to four weeks at a time. They also lose effectiveness after a period of time.

One of the reasons why benzodiazepines are so popular is that they are efficient and have minimal negative effects compared to predecessors, such as barbiturates or meprobamate. They have a rapid time to begin their action and are extremely effective as anxiolytics (anti-anxiety), sedatives, anticonvulsants and as muscle relaxants.

Benzos are often blamed for the negative perceptions of anxiety that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s. This included the trivialization of the disorder and the belief that benzodiazepine treatment causes physical dependence. Despite this however, benzodiazepines still play a significant part in the treatment of anxiety disorders, particularly when combined with psychosocial interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and other interpersonal therapies.

Benzos can interact with other medications and trigger undesirable side effects such as drowsiness and confusion. It is important to inform your doctor know about any other prescription, non-prescription or herbal medicines you're currently considering or taking. Check the British National Formulary A to Z list of interactions with medications to determine which medications are safe when taken with benzodiazepines.

Antidepressants

Antidepressants can reduce anxiety and other mental health conditions. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, antidepressants -- like SSRIs and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) -- can help reduce chronic anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorders and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The FDA has approved antidepressants to treat other health conditions, such as bipolar disorder, eating disorders and certain kinds of pain.

Most doctors prescribe SSRIs as a first-line treatment for anxiety, but these medications might not be effective for all people. If these antidepressants aren't working the doctor might suggest an older type called a tetracyclic or tricyclic antidepressant. These include amitriptyline or nortriptyline, as well as Clomipramine. They're less popular than the newer antidepressants, yet they're still readily available. You may also ask your doctor to prescribe the sedating antidepressant trazodone(Desyrel) at lower doses if you are experiencing anxiety or sleep problems.

Other antidepressants that can help are nefazodone (Ferdinand) and duloxetine (Cymbalta). These drugs are also available in generic form. If they don't work your doctor, he may suggest the antipsychotics quetiapine or olanzapine or the tranquilizing antidepressant Mirtazapine.

Beta blockers are used to treat anxiety disorders. They reduce heart rate and blood pressure by blocking adrenaline. These drugs are not usually used to treat anxiety on their own, but they can be effective if coupled with psychotherapy.

Psychological therapy can help you overcome negative thoughts and behaviours that contribute to your anxiety. It can help you manage your anxiety and teach you strategies for coping. Based on the severity of your problem, exposure therapy or cognitive behavior therapy may be recommended. Cognitive behavioural therapy teaches you to overcome fears and thoughts that are harmful, and to overcome your aversion to situations that cause anxiety. Exposure therapy involves gradually increasing the level of anxiety-provoking situations until you are able to manage them. This can be done in a single session or in a small group. In both instances, results will take time to manifest. Some people believe that the combination of psychotherapy and medication is the best choice. Some people find that medication alone is enough to manage symptoms. It is important to inform your doctor about the things you're doing to manage your symptoms.

Other Medicines

Other drugs can also aid in relieving your symptoms. Antihistamines, beta blockers, and buspirone are often prescribed to reduce anxiety.

These medications can help alleviate your symptoms by reducing or blocking the signals that cause stress and fear. But, they're not a cure all. You'll need to do things to manage anxiety, like physical exercise, relaxation techniques and psychotherapy.

SSRIs or SNRIs are your first choice of anxiety medications that your doctor may prescribe. According to research, these drugs are the most effective in treating anxiety disorders. The most commonly used SSRIs include sertraline (Zoloft) and fluoxetine (Prozac) and citalopram (Celexa) and escitalopram (Lexapro). These drugs may cause mild adverse effects, like insomnia or nausea, however they typically disappear within 4-8 weeks. Unlike the benzodiazepines, they're not addictive and do not increase your risk of having suicidal thoughts.

The benzodiazepines, alprazolam (Xanax) as well as clonazepam (Klonopin) and diazepoxide (Valium) provide immediate relief from panic attacks and anxiety However, they can cause adverse effects, such as dizziness, drowsiness, memory and coordination problems, and dependence. These medications are less well-known than older barbiturates but are equally effective.

Antihistamines, such as Vistaril (hydroxyzine) were initially designed to help with allergies. However they also serve to ease anxiety symptoms. Hydroxyzine block histamine receptors within the brain and can cause an energizing effect. It is not a controlled drug and therefore does not carry the same risks of addiction as benzodiazepines.

Another type of medication that can aid with anxiety is a class of medications known as anticonvulsants. They have been proven to reduce anxiety by affecting the production and release of serotonin and dopamine. These medications can be prescribed as a part of an integrated therapy or to treat anxiety in the short term. Your doctor will evaluate your health history and symptoms to determine if these medications are right for you. They'll also talk about how long you should be taking them and any possible negative side effects. Anxiety medications can only be purchased on prescription, which means you'll need to see a psychiatrist to get these medications.