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Medications to Treat Anxiety

Therapy is the most effective method to reduce anxiety, but sometimes, a short-term course of medication may be required. The medications used to treat anxiety include antidepressants and tranquilizers.

SSRI antidepressants like citalopram escitalopram, and sertraline can reduce anxiety. SNRIs that target the chemicals serotonin as well as norepinephrine could be effective.

SSRIs

SSRIs are often the first medication prescribed by doctors to treat anxiety disorders. They stop the brain's nerve cells from absorbing serotonin which is a chemical that plays a crucial role in mood regulation. The medications take a while to take effect, but the majority of people are better after about 4 to 6 weeks. SSRIs aren't habit-forming and will not cause addiction, which means they are safe to use for extended durations of time.

Another type of antidepressant, SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), also treats depression and anxiety. The SNRIs include citalopram, escitalopram and fluoxetine (Prozac) as well as paraxetine (Paxil) and sertraline. Tricyclic antidepressants, such as imipramine (Tofranil) and Doxepine (Anxiety Disorder Stimulant) also treat depression and anxiety. New antidepressants like mirtazapine (Remeron) are also sometimes used to treat anxiety disorders.

Doctors aren't sure how SSRIs or SNRIs function but they do know that they boost the activity of chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters in the brain. They prevent the brain from reabsorbing these chemicals and allow them to attach to their receptors.

SSRIs are used to treat generalized anxiety disorder, GAD; obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD; panic disorder/agoraphobia; and posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD. They can also help with bulimia, however it is less prevalent.

Atypical antipsychotic drugs may be prescribed to patients with anxiety who aren't responding to SSRIs. Examples include quetiapine (Abilify) and aripiprazole (Risperdal). These medications ease anxiety in those suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorders. They are typically prescribed in combination with an antidepressant. They have a lower chance of serious adverse effects than other kinds of antipsychotics.

Beta-blockers are also used to treat anxiety, and heart conditions. Propranolol as well as atenolol are just two examples. They can reduce physical symptoms of anxiety in those who suffer from social anxiety disorder. They can be useful in reducing anxiety, especially before or after surgery. Benzodiazepines like lorazepam (Ativan) can be used to treat symptoms when other medications aren't working. However, benzodiazepines are habit-forming and can be addictive.

SNRIs

SNRIs are a different kind of antidepressant medication that is often prescribed to combat anxiety. They work similarly to SSRIs, but they also increase the availability of serotonin and norepinephrine within the brain. In turn, they are often more effective at treating certain kinds of anxiety disorders, including social anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Similar to other medications, they work best treatment for health anxiety when used in conjunction with therapy for talk and other treatment strategies.

Unlike benzodiazepines SNRIs don't cause dependence or addiction for most people. Some patients may experience withdrawal symptoms when discontinuing a medication after an extended period of usage. It is important to consult your physician prior to discontinuing any medication.

Neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine control mood and stress. Particularly, they play a key role in the fight-or-flight reaction that a large portion of people suffering from anxiety experiences. SNRIs prevent nerve cells from rapidly soaking up neurotransmitters by preventing the process of reuptake. By doing so they hold these chemicals in the brain for longer and as a result they are able to boost mood and decrease anxiety levels or help alleviate symptoms of panic attacks.

Norepinephrine also plays a part in anxiety as it activates the Amygdala. This is a deep and primitive part of the brain that is associated with anxiety-related behavior. SNRIs have been shown to reduce activity in this area of the brain, which could positively impact mood and anxiety as well as ease panic attacks.

Although these drugs to treat anxiety can be very beneficial but it is important to keep in mind that they can have the potential of causing increased suicidal ideas in certain individuals. Due to this, they are typically prescribed in higher doses for a short period. These medications may also interact with other drugs and substances. You should inform your doctor if you are taking any other prescriptions, or over-the generic medications. Also keep them informed of any underlying conditions like heart issues and bleeding disorders. Also, be aware that some patients have reported adverse reactions to SNRIs like dry mouth and nausea.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines, or benzos commonly referred to as -- are quick-acting medications that reduce anxiety and anxiety-related symptoms like muscle tension and insomnia. They can be helpful for sufferers of anxiety disorders, like social anxiety and panic disorder particularly if other treatments, like SSRIs or psychotherapy (talk therapy) do not work. They're also helpful as a short-term solution, like while you wait for an antidepressant start working. The medications diazepam (Valium) and lorazepam (Ativan) are the most popular benzos, however others include clonazepam (Rivotril) as well as temazepam (Restoril) and flurazepam (Dalmane).

They typically begin working within 30 minutes since they are fast-acting. These drugs don't last very long in the body, therefore it is essential to take them regularly to reap the benefits. Using benzos for long periods of time can cause physical dependence and addiction, so they should only be used for the shortest time possible. Benzos should not be used by those suffering from depression or anxiety disorders as they can increase the risk.

Benzo users who use them for long periods of time, often without medical supervision, could develop a condition known as sedative-use disorder. It can cause withdrawal symptoms and addiction. This problem is rare in people who use benzos according to prescription. Rather, misuse of benzos is usually the result of other causes such as alcohol dependence and depression.

Taking benzodiazepines for the long term can also cause tolerance to their effects of sedation. As you get used to them of the effects, you need to take more of the medication to produce the same effect. In some cases, this can lead to respiratory depression, coma and death. It is crucial to take benzodiazepines as prescribed and on a regular basis.

Other Medicines

SSRIs and SNRIs will be the first medications that doctors prescribe to treat anxiety. They affect serotonin which is responsible for mood as well as appetite and sleep. They can take a while to take effect, up to 12 weeks, and can cause some adverse effects such as insomnia or nausea. SSRIs are also used to treat other mental health conditions like depression, obsessive compulsive disorder and panic disorder. Contrary to benzodiazepines, antidepressants do not cause physical dependence. However, they can cause withdrawal symptoms if they are abruptly stopped.

The medications in this class are sertraline (Zoloft) as well as the fluoxetine (Prozac) and citalopram (Celexa). They can be taken on their own or in combination with therapy. Antidepressants are prescribed by psychologists, psychiatrists or family physicians with special expertise in the field of medication management.

Doctors can prescribe a specific class of antidepressants called monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). These medications block the action of certain enzymes that break down chemicals, like serotonin and norepinephrine, and dopamine. MAOIs can take as long as four weeks to start working however, they aren't as quick-acting as SSRIs.

Another medication to manage anxiety is clonidine, which is used to lower blood pressure, but is not widely used to treat anxiety. Its effectiveness is limited because of negative effects such as hypotension and sedation. Doctors may prescribe antihistamines, like hydroxyzine, to help reduce the symptoms of anxiety and panic attacks. Certain patients might also experience a decrease in the effectiveness of benzodiazepines.

Anxiety is usually treated by combining psychotherapy, medication and exercise. The most effective method is to work with someone who is specialized in treating anxiety disorders. They can assist you in working through the underlying causes of anxiety and suggest ways to manage it without medication, if necessary. Other options for anxiety treatment that do not involve medication include eye movement desensitization, mindfulness meditation, and yoga that is trauma-informed. Talk with your therapist about what options are the best treatment for anxiety and depression (Visit Chunzee) for you. Psychiatrists are trained to evaluate your symptoms and medical history and formulate a treatment plan that works for you. They will consider your specific medical history and preferences when developing the plan and will make changes to it as they go along.